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Wetlands in Phumlen, Kharung, and Ikop Lakes , Phumlen, Kharung, and Ikop Lakes in Manipur, Phumlen, Kharung, and Ikop Lakes , Phumlen, Kharung, and Ikop Lakes Manipur |
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PHUMLEN, KHARUNG, AND IKOP LAKES Manipur
Location: 49 km south of Imphal city,Thoubal district, Manipur
Wetland type: 11,12, 13
Description of site: The National Park incorporates a great diversity of ecosystems from riverine forest at the lowest elevations, through tropical, wet, evergreen forest, moist evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, and hill evergreen formations, to alpine barrens at over 4500 m. Wetland habitats include the Miao river, its tributaries, and associated marshes and riparian forests Climatic conditions: Humid tropical to temperate climate, with an annual rainfall of 3000-4000 mm. The temperature range varies greatly, depending on altitude
Principal vegetation: Situated at the junction of three biotic provinces, the Park displays a very diverse terrestrial vegetation. Particularly relevant are large areas of north Indian, tropical, moist deciduous forest on alluvial flats and along rivers and stream banksExtensive riverine formations, particularly along the Miao river, represent some of the least spoilt lowland forests in India (73 species of lichens, 59 bryophytes, 112 pteridophytes, five gymnosperms, 801 angiosprems are only a few of the species recorded in 60% of the area of this reserve)
Land tenure: State-owned
Conservation measures taken: The National Park (180,782 ha) was established in 1972 and is a Project Tiger Reserve Conservation measures proposed: There are plans to reintroduce the endangered white-winged wood-duck (Cairina scutulata) into the Park from the Manipur Valley captive breeding projects. There is a proposal to extend the National Park by 25,000 ha to the north, into Lohit district. Provision should be made for a sanctuary buffer zone of 10,000 ha along the western lowland border Land use: Managed as a nature reserve
Disturbances and threats: The reserve is remote, inaccessible, with difficult terrain. These factors prevent biotic pressures on the core and sustain the rich vegetation. There are, however, incidents of poaching on the Indo-Burmese border Economic and social values: Namdapha, a biosphere reserve, has a high biodiversity. The area caters to very few tourists. The local Chakma tribals hunt in the reserve on traditional and ceremonial occasions, but not on an excessive scale. They live in harmony with the forests
Fauna: The fauna of the National Park remains virtually intact; more than 96 species of mammals, 350 species of birds, 14 of beetles, 90 of reptiles, five of mollusc, five of fish and three of amphibians have been recorded. The endangered white-winged wood-duck (Cairina scutulata) may stil occur along the Miao river at the lowest elevations in the Park, although it is not known whether the species was ever truly resident here. Wetland mammals include the fishing cat (Felis viverrina) and common otter (Lutra lutra). It is the only reserve in India that is home to four of the large cats: tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, and snow leopard. Twenty-nine mammal species in the reserve are in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. A new species, the Namdapha flying squirrel, was discovered here for the first time in 1983
Special floral values: Several rare and endangered species are found here. Two new genera, four new species, and 14 new distributional records have been recorded. There is a high level of endemism. Pinus merkusii and Abier delavavi are found only here in India. Mishmi tits, of medicinal value, is also found in the reserve
Location: 49 km south of Imphal city,Thoubal district, Manipur
Wetland type: 11,12, 13
Description of site: The National Park incorporates a great diversity of ecosystems from riverine forest at the lowest elevations, through tropical, wet, evergreen forest, moist evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, and hill evergreen formations, to alpine barrens at over 4500 m. Wetland habitats include the Miao river, its tributaries, and associated marshes and riparian forests Climatic conditions: Humid tropical to temperate climate, with an annual rainfall of 3000-4000 mm. The temperature range varies greatly, depending on altitude
Principal vegetation: Situated at the junction of three biotic provinces, the Park displays a very diverse terrestrial vegetation. Particularly relevant are large areas of north Indian, tropical, moist deciduous forest on alluvial flats and along rivers and stream banksExtensive riverine formations, particularly along the Miao river, represent some of the least spoilt lowland forests in India (73 species of lichens, 59 bryophytes, 112 pteridophytes, five gymnosperms, 801 angiosprems are only a few of the species recorded in 60% of the area of this reserve)
Land tenure: State-owned
Conservation measures taken: The National Park (180,782 ha) was established in 1972 and is a Project Tiger Reserve Conservation measures proposed: There are plans to reintroduce the endangered white-winged wood-duck (Cairina scutulata) into the Park from the Manipur Valley captive breeding projects. There is a proposal to extend the National Park by 25,000 ha to the north, into Lohit district. Provision should be made for a sanctuary buffer zone of 10,000 ha along the western lowland border Land use: Managed as a nature reserve
Disturbances and threats: The reserve is remote, inaccessible, with difficult terrain. These factors prevent biotic pressures on the core and sustain the rich vegetation. There are, however, incidents of poaching on the Indo-Burmese border Economic and social values: Namdapha, a biosphere reserve, has a high biodiversity. The area caters to very few tourists. The local Chakma tribals hunt in the reserve on traditional and ceremonial occasions, but not on an excessive scale. They live in harmony with the forests
Fauna: The fauna of the National Park remains virtually intact; more than 96 species of mammals, 350 species of birds, 14 of beetles, 90 of reptiles, five of mollusc, five of fish and three of amphibians have been recorded. The endangered white-winged wood-duck (Cairina scutulata) may stil occur along the Miao river at the lowest elevations in the Park, although it is not known whether the species was ever truly resident here. Wetland mammals include the fishing cat (Felis viverrina) and common otter (Lutra lutra). It is the only reserve in India that is home to four of the large cats: tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, and snow leopard. Twenty-nine mammal species in the reserve are in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. A new species, the Namdapha flying squirrel, was discovered here for the first time in 1983
Special floral values: Several rare and endangered species are found here. Two new genera, four new species, and 14 new distributional records have been recorded. There is a high level of endemism. Pinus merkusii and Abier delavavi are found only here in India. Mishmi tits, of medicinal value, is also found in the reserve
For Wetlands in Phumlen, Kharung, and Ikop Lakes
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